Exploration of Factors Affecting Quality of Life among the Frontline Health Workers Working in the Selected Government Hospital of Federal Level: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background
Quality of life is a vital component of human well-being, especially for frontline health workers who serve as the primary point of contact for healthcare delivery. Understanding their job satisfaction and its influence on their quality of life is crucial for effective health system functioning.

Methods
This exploratory qualitative study assessed the quality of life of frontline health workers in a federal-level government hospital in Nepal. Twenty participants were purposively selected, with the sample size determined by information saturation. Face-to-face key informant interviews were conducted, audio-recorded with informed consent, and analyzed using thematic analysis with the RQDA package in R. Ethical approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council, and administrative approval from the Ministry of Health and Population.

Results
The study identified poor quality of life among frontline health workers across four domains. In the physical domain, issues such as chronic back pain, varicose veins, and gastritis were linked to long-standing duties and demanding schedules. Psychological challenges included poor mental health and stress. Social and environmental issues highlighted group conflicts, workplace political influence, lack of motivation, and a growing trend of brain drain among health workers.

Conclusion
The findings advocate for strengthened workplace policies, including reasonable working hours, adequate staffing, attractive pay scales, and supportive work environments, to improve the quality of life of frontline health workers. Addressing these issues is critical for fostering job satisfaction and ensuring a resilient healthcare workforce.