ESTABLISHMENT OF NORMATIVE DATA FOR TOE GRIP STRENGTH USING MODIFIED SPHYGMOMANOMETER AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

Abstract

Background: Toe flexor muscles play a key role in foot mechanics by generating propulsive forces and maintaining stability during gait. Toe grip strength (TGS) is important for balance, gait stability, and overall foot function. Establishing normative data for TGS is essential for identifying weakness, guiding rehabilitation, and preventing foot-related disorders. Although tools like isokinetic and handheld dynamometers are reliable, their high cost, limited availability, and need for specialized skills restrict routine clinical use. This creates a need for simple, cost-effective, and accessible assessment methods.

Purpose: To establish normative values for toe grip strength among healthy young adults aged 18–25 years using a modified sphygmomanometer test (MST).

Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 healthy participants (147 males and 153 females) aged 18–25 years. TGS was measured for both right and left feet using the MST in a standardized sitting position. Mean and standard deviation were calculated, and gender differences were analyzed using an independent t-test.

Results: The mean TGS of the right foot was 70.71 mmHg in males and 37.63 mmHg in females. For the left foot, males showed a mean of 70.67 mmHg, while females showed 36.79 mmHg. Males demonstrated significantly higher TGS than females on both sides. A mild increase in strength with age was observed within the study group. The MST proved to be a simple, reliable, and cost-effective tool for assessing TGS.

Conclusion: This study established normative values for toe-grip strength in healthy young adults aged 18–25 years. Males showed significantly greater TGS than females, indicating sex-based differences. The MST is a practical, low-cost, and reliable method for measuring TGS. These values can assist clinicians in identifying weakness, planning rehabilitation, and monitoring progress.