FOOT CORE STRENGTHENING AND STABILITY IN PLANTAR FASCIITIS – A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction-

Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by heel pain, which can lead to decreased mobility, impaired balance, and increased risk of falls. Recent rehabilitation approaches, including balance board exercises and intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) training, have been developed to enhance postural stability, reduce pain, and improve overall foot function in PF patients.

Aims and Objectives

To review the effects of balance board exercises and intrinsic foot muscle (IFM) training on foot function, pain, and dynamic postural balance in individuals with plantar fasciitis.

To evaluate the impact of balance board exercises on both static and dynamic balance, and  role of IFM training in enhancing foot posture, medial longitudinal arch support, and functional performance.

To compare the outcomes of conventional physiotherapy with programs incorporating either balance board or IFM training to determine their relative effectiveness.

 Methods

A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science  (January 2011 to February 2024). Methodological quality was assessed using  modified Downs and Black index. One randomized controlled trial comparing conventional physiotherapy with and without balance training over four weeks, assessing static balance via the Biodex Stability System and function using Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index and review of 16 studies of biomechanical effects of IFM training were reviewed.

 Results

Balance board training significantly improved stability indices under both eye-opened and eye-closed conditions. IFM training improved medial arch morphology and dynamic postural balance. Both interventions effectively reduced pain and enhanced foot function.

 Conclusion

Integrating balance or IFM training with conventional therapy provides superior improvements in balance, pain relief, and functional performance compared to conventional physiotherapy alone.