A Retrospective Study on Snake Bite Fatalities at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Visakhapatnam (2021 -2023)

Abstract

Snakebite remains a significant clinical toxicology concern in India, particularly in rural areas where access to medical care is limited, delays in treatment are common, and faith healing is often sought. This study analyses the epidemiology of snakebite fatalities at King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam (2021–2023), focusing on sociodemographic patterns, geographical distribution, seasonal trends, and venom toxicity types. All cases with a confirmed history of snakebite were included. Results indicate a higher prevalence among middle-aged male farmers, with the monsoon season posing the highest risk. The lower limb was the most common bite site in farmers, with a marginal occupational association (p = 0.080179). However, the time of bite showed no significant correlation with venom toxicity type (p = 0.214918). Public education on venomous snake identification, first-aid measures, and prompt antivenom administration are essential to reducing fatalities. Vulnerable populations, particularly agricultural workers, must exercise keen caution during the monsoon season and adopt protective measures such as wearing appropriate clothing and footwear.